SCENT GLANDS AND CHEMICAL SIGNALING IN HIPPOSIDEROS SPEORIS (LEAF NOSED BAT) DURING BREEDING SEASON
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Abstract
Bats communicate among themselves by visual, acoustic and olfactory signals. Hipposideros speoris, possesses modified skin glands at distinct regions to secrete odoriferous compounds. Breeding behavioural studies reveal chemical signals from scent glands are very much involved in communication. The secretions from the scent glands were chemically identified on the basis of mass spectra obtained by GC-MS. The results confirmed that these secretions differ in chemical composition with respect to sex, vicinity of the glands and the season. These signals during breeding season provide sexual identity, information about reproductive status and related communications among the individuals, which facilitate to bring reproductive success.
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LILY D Manonmaniam. (2025). SCENT GLANDS AND CHEMICAL SIGNALING IN HIPPOSIDEROS SPEORIS (LEAF NOSED BAT) DURING BREEDING SEASON. IJRDO-Journal of Applied Science, 11(4), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.69980/as.v11i5.6619
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References
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38. Scully, W. M. R., Fenton, M. B. and Salenaddin, J., 2000.A histological examination of holding sacs and scent glandular organs of some bats (Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertillonidae and Molossidae). J. Can. Zool., 78 : 613 – 623.
39. Steiner, A. L., 1973. Self and allogrooming behavior in some ground squirrels (Sciuridae), a descriptive study. J. Can. Zool., 51 : 151 – 161.
40. Thiessen, D. and Rice, M., 1976.Mammalian scent gland marking and behavior. Biological bulletin, Vol. 83(4) : 505 – 509.
41. Vogit, C. C. and Helverson, O. V., 1999. Storage and display of odour by male Saccopteryxbilineata (Chiroptera :Emballonuridae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 47 : 29 – 40.
42. Wedekind, C., Seebeck, T., Bettens, F. and Paepke, A. J., 1995.MHC dependent mate preferences in humans. Proc. R. Soc. Lon. B. Series, 260 : 245 – 249.
43. Wemmer, C., 1972. The behavior of Genettatigrina and related genus.Ph.D. Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park.
2. Ayorinde, F., Wheeler, J. W., Wemmer, C. and Murtaugh, J., 1982.Volatile components of the occipital gland secretion of the bactrain camel, Camelusbactrianus. J. Chem. Ecol., 8 : 177 – 183.
3. Bates, P. J. J. and Harrison, D. L., 1997.Bats of the Indian subcontinent.Harrison Zoological Museum Publications, Sevenoaks, UK, 258.
4. Bloss, J., Terry Acree, A., Janelle Bloss, M., Wendy Hood, R. and Kunz, T. H., 2002. Potential use of chemical cues for colony mate recognition in the big brown bat Eptesicusfuscus. J. Chem. Ecol., 28(4) : 799 – 814.
5. Bowyer, R. T. and Kitchen, D. W., 1987.Significance of scent-marking by Roosevelt elk. J. Mammal., 68 : 418 – 423.
6. Brooke, A. and Decker, D., 1993. Scent marking and the use of odorous secretions by the fishing bat, Noctilioleporinus. Bat. Res. News, 34 : 103.
7. Brooke, A. and Decker, D., 1996. Lipid compounds in secretions of fishing bat, Noctilioleporinus. J. Chem. Ecol., 22(8) : 1411 – 1428.
8. Brown, R. E. and MacDonald, D. W., 1985. Social odour in mammals. Oxford University Press, New York, vol. 1.
9. Burger, B. V., Nell, A. E., Spies, H. S. C., LeRoux, M., Bigalke, R. C. and Band, P. A. J., 1999. Mammalian exocrine secretions XII.Constituents of interdigital secretions of bontebok, Damaliscusdorcasdorcas and blesbok, Damaliscusdorcasphillipsi. J. Chem. Ecol., 25 : 2057 – 2084.
10. Burger, B. V., Smith, D., Spies, H. S. C., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, U. and Telitsina, A. Y., 2001. Mammalian exocrine secretions XVI.Constituents of secretion of supplementary saccli of dwarf hamster, Phodopussungorussungorus. J. Chem. Ecol., 27(6) : 1277 – 1288.
11. Carlos, A. E., Antonieta, L. and Hermann, M. N., 2001.Chemical composition of precloacal secretions of Liolaemus lizards. J. Chem. Ecol., 27(8) : 1677 – 1690.
12. Chapman, D. I. and Chapman, N. G., 1975. The Fallow Deer : their history, distribution and biology. Terence Dalton, Laveaham, United Kingdom.
13. Clapperton, B. K., 1989. Scent marking behavior of the ferret, Mustelafuro. Anim. Behav., 38 : 436 – 446.
14. Collins, S. A., Gosling, M. L., Richard, W. W. and Dave, P. C., 2001. Artificially increasing scent mark rate increases urogenital gland size in mice. Phys. Behav., 74 : 517 – 522.
15. Flood, P. F., Abrams, S. R., Muir, G. D. and Rowell, J. E., 1989.Odour of the musk Ox. J. Chem. Ecol., 15 : 2207 – 2247.
16. French, B. and Lollar, A., 1998. Observations on the reproductive behavior of captive Tadaridabrasilliensis Mexicana of captive Tadaridabrasiliensis Mexicana (Chiroptera :Molossidae). The South Western Naturalist, 43 : 484 – 490.
17. Genherd, J., 1997. Energetics of hovering flight in nectar feeding bats (Phyllostomidae :Glossophaginaeo and its sealing in birds, bats and moths. J. Comp. Physiol., 169 : 38 – 48.
18. Gudger, E. W., 1945. Fisherman bats of the Caribbean region. J. Mommal., 26 : 1 – 15.
19. Gustin, M. K. and McCracken, G. F., 1987. Scent recognition between females and pups in the bat, Tadaridabrasiliensis Mexicana. Anim. Behav., 35 : 13 – 19.
20. Hayes, R. A., Richardson, B. J. and Wyllie, S. G., 2002. Semi chemicals and social signaling in the wild European rabbit in Australia. J. Chem. Ecol., 28(2) : 363 – 384.
21. Hill, J. E., 1974. A new family, genus and species of bat (Mammalia :Chiroptera) from Thailand. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool., 27 : 301 – 336.
22. Hurst, J. L., 1987. Behavioural variation in wild house mice.Musdomesicus : a quantitative assessment of female social organization. Anim. Behav., 35 : 1846 – 1857.
23. Hurst, J. L., 1990c. Urine marking in populations of communication between the sexes. Anim. Behav., 40 : 233 – 243.
24. Kamran, S. and Kerth, G., 2003. Sections of the interaural gland contain information about individually and colony membership in the bechstein’s bat. Anim. Behav., 65 : 363 – 369.
25. Kannan, S., 1998.Histomorphology, biochemistry and chemical identification of rat scent glands in relation to Rodent pest management. Ph.D. Thesis, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India.
26. Kunz, T. H., 1990. Ecological and behavioural methods for the study of bats. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC London.
27. Lily, D., 2005. Scent gland histology, biochemistry and chemical signaling during the mating behavior of these species of temple bats.Ph.D. thesis, ManonmaniamSundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India.
28. Lily, D. and Vanitharani, J., 2005. Olfactory communication through scent-marking behavior during breeding in Hipposiderosspeoris (Schneiders leaf nosed bat 1800). J. Theor. Expt. Biol., 1(3) : 121 – 125.
29. Martin, J. and Lopez, P., 2000. Chemoreception, symmetry and mate choice in lizards. Proc. R. Soc. London, 267 : 1265 – 1269.
30. Mo, W. P., Burger, B. V., LeRoux, M. and Spies, H. S. C., 1995.Mammalian exocrine secretions IX.Constituents of preorbital secretion of oribi, Ourebiaorebi. J. Chem. Ecol., 22 : 739 – 764.
31. Muller-Schwarze, D., 1971.Pheromones in black tailed deer Odocoileushemionus. Anim. Behav., 19 : 141 – 152.
32. Neiweiler, G., 1969. Verhaltensbeobach-tungen and coerindischenflughundkolonie (Pteropusgiganteus). Z. Tierpsychol., 26 : 6 – 99.
33. Quay, W. B., 1970. Biology of bats. Vol. II. Ed. Winsatt, W. A. Academic Press, London, 1.
34. Rich, T. J. and Hurst, J. L., 1998. Scent marks as reliable signals of the competitive ability of mates. Anim. Behav., 56 : 727 – 735.
35. Rosell, E. and Sundsdal, I. J., 2001. Odorant source used in Eurasian Beaver, Castor fiber, territory marking. J. Chem. Ecol., 27(!2) : 2471 – 2491.
36. Schaller, G. B., 1967. The Deer and Tiger : A study of wild life in India. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 370.
37. Schmidt, U., 1985. The bats, Order – Chiroptera.In : Social odours in mammals. Ed. By R. E. Brown and D. W. MacDonald. Clarendon Press, Oxford University, New York, 217 – 234.
38. Scully, W. M. R., Fenton, M. B. and Salenaddin, J., 2000.A histological examination of holding sacs and scent glandular organs of some bats (Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertillonidae and Molossidae). J. Can. Zool., 78 : 613 – 623.
39. Steiner, A. L., 1973. Self and allogrooming behavior in some ground squirrels (Sciuridae), a descriptive study. J. Can. Zool., 51 : 151 – 161.
40. Thiessen, D. and Rice, M., 1976.Mammalian scent gland marking and behavior. Biological bulletin, Vol. 83(4) : 505 – 509.
41. Vogit, C. C. and Helverson, O. V., 1999. Storage and display of odour by male Saccopteryxbilineata (Chiroptera :Emballonuridae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 47 : 29 – 40.
42. Wedekind, C., Seebeck, T., Bettens, F. and Paepke, A. J., 1995.MHC dependent mate preferences in humans. Proc. R. Soc. Lon. B. Series, 260 : 245 – 249.
43. Wemmer, C., 1972. The behavior of Genettatigrina and related genus.Ph.D. Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park.