Copyright Ownership

The copyright of all articles published in the journal is retained by the author(s). By submitting and publishing their work, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive, worldwide, and perpetual license to publish, reproduce, archive, distribute, and communicate the article in all formats and media. This arrangement ensures wide dissemination of the research while preserving the authors’ full ownership of their intellectual property.

Author Rights

Authors retain extensive rights over their published work. They are permitted to develop, distribute, archive, and preserve their research globally without restriction. Authors may reuse the article, including figures, tables, and data, in future works such as books, theses, lectures, and other scholarly outputs, provided appropriate citation to the original publication is maintained.

Authors also retain the right to share the published version of the article on personal or institutional platforms and may exercise any associated patent or proprietary rights arising from their research. Any commercial reuse of the work must comply with the applicable licensing terms.

Author Responsibilities

Authors are solely responsible for ensuring that their submitted work is original and has not been previously published or submitted elsewhere for publication. All sources of information, including text, data, figures, and ideas, must be properly cited and acknowledged.

Authors must ensure that the manuscript does not violate any copyright, proprietary, privacy, or personal rights of third parties. The content must be factually accurate, free from plagiarism, and must not contain any defamatory, unlawful, or misleading statements. All listed authors must have made a substantial intellectual contribution to the work and must approve the final version submitted for publication.

Journal Rights

The journal reserves the right to take appropriate editorial and corrective actions in cases of ethical misconduct, plagiarism, copyright infringement, or other violations of publication policies. Such actions may include correction, retraction, or removal of the published article, depending on the severity of the issue, in accordance with established ethical standards.

Licensing Information

All articles published in the journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) . This license allows users to access, read, download, copy, and share the material in any medium or format for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given to the author(s) and the source of publication.

Permissions Under the License

Under the terms of the license, users are permitted to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. These permissions are granted by the licensor and cannot be revoked, provided that all license conditions are strictly followed.

License Conditions

Users must comply with the following conditions while using the licensed material. Appropriate attribution must be provided to the original author(s), along with a reference to the license and indication of any changes, if applicable. The material must not be used for commercial purposes, and it must not be modified, transformed, or used to create derivative works. Additionally, users may not apply legal or technological restrictions that limit others from exercising the rights granted under the license.

Notices and Disclaimer

Compliance with the licensing terms is not required for material that is in the public domain or where use is permitted under applicable legal exceptions. The journal and publisher do not provide any warranties regarding the published content and shall not be held responsible for any consequences arising from its use.

The responsibility for the accuracy, validity, and integrity of the published content rests solely with the author(s). The views and opinions expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect those of the journal, its editors, or the publisher.